Financial factors affecting oil price change and oil-stock interactions: a review and future perspectives

Natural Hazards - Traditionally, fundamental factors of supply and demand were important in understanding oil price dynamics before the financial crisis. These factors, however, are no longer...     

Environmental impact of fluidized solidified silt casting on surrounding water bodies

Abstract

With the growing demand for underwater refill engineering, the construction technology of implementing fluidized solidification in underwater pouring has recently received increased attention. However, the environmental impact of underwater casting on surrounding water bodies, especially when the silt is polluted, is still unclear. In this study, a simulated underwater pouring test and a static immersion release test were conducted separately to study the quality of the surrounding water during and after pouring. The results showed that fluidized-solidified silt casting could increase the pH of the surrounding water, even after the pouring had stopped, by approximately 1.0 and the turbidity could reach 200 NTU. No diffusion of Zn and Cu into the surrounding water was observed and while Ni and Cr exhibited slight diffusion, this was at a level well below international water quality standard. During construction, reducing the distance from the seafloor to the bottom of the pouring catheter could reduce the level of pollution. After construction, the use of neutral solidified materials can effectively reduce the pH of the surrounding water and the potential risk of heavy metal dissolution.     

气候变化对植物多样性的影响研究综述

植物多样性是生态系统结构和功能的基础,气候变化已对其产生了深刻的影响,甚至于严重威胁。植物多样性的减少或丧失必然会影响生态系统结构和功能的稳定性,导致严重的生态、经济和社会后果。植物多样性对气候变化的响应受控于气温和水分的动态平衡。本文系统总结了气候变暖和降水格局变化对植物多样性的影响,分析了气候变化对不同生态系统、群落类型、尺度范围（全球尺度、区域尺度、局地尺度）内植物多样性的影响,并归纳了差异的主要影响因素。最后对未来的研究方向做了展望。     

内蒙古荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)叶形态性状对土壤水氮耦合的响应

研究降水和氮沉降对荒漠草原植物叶形态性状的影响,对于预测未来全球变化下荒漠草原植物的生态适应具有重要意义。对增减雨(±50%)和氮添加(10 g·m^-2·a^-1)及其交互作用对乌拉特荒漠草原区优势植物叶形态性状的影响研究结果表明:(1)沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)对增减雨和氮添加的响应存在差异。增雨处理下仅碱韭的SLA显著降低,减雨处理下骆驼蓬的SLA显著降低,LDMC显著增加(P<0.05);氮添加处理下仅骆驼蓬的LDMC显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)水氮交互作用仅对骆驼蓬有显著影响(P<0.05),氮添加使减雨处理对其SLA和LDMC无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)减雨、氮添加和增雨与氮添加的交互作用处理下SLA和LDMC显著负相关(P<0.05)。沙生针茅叶性状较稳定,碱韭SLA对增雨响应较敏感,骆驼蓬叶性状对减雨敏感,而增氮可降低减雨对其叶片的胁迫,荒漠草原区不同的植物通过不同的可塑性和生态策略响应和适应区域环境变化。     

中国沿海海洋站GNSS坐标时间序列噪声模型的建立与分析

选取中国沿海海洋站中与验潮室并址的22个GNSS基准站近9 a的观测资料,利用最大似然估计法分析各站时间序列的噪声特性,建立最优噪声模型;然后顾及有色噪声,利用最优噪声模型估计测站速度,并与纯白噪声模型和GLOBK获取的速度及误差进行对比分析。结果表明：1）沿海海洋站的GNSS时间序列均含有有色噪声,各分量的噪声特性不完全一致,E方向和U分量均以白噪声+闪烁噪声为主,N分量以白噪声+闪烁噪声和白噪声+一阶马尔科夫噪声+随机漫步噪声为主。2）全国沿海3个海区N、E分量的白噪声和闪烁噪声基本呈现越往南噪声越大的规律,南海海区U分量的白噪声和闪烁噪声最大。3）顾及有色噪声的速度中误差是仅考虑白噪声和GLOBK估计的速度中误差估计值的5～10倍,这种差异比内陆观测站的要大。4）在对海洋站GNSS时间序列进行速度分析时,为获取正确的速度值,应该先准确判断噪声的类型,再顾及有色噪声的影响估计测站速度。     

Laboratory Investigation into the Evaporation of Natural-Gas Condensate Oils: Hints for the Sanchi Oil Spill

The Sanchi oil tanker collision in the East China Sea on January 6th, 2018 has caused worldwide attention due to its uniqueness. A considerable amount of h     

浙江省城市化与生态环境协调度及其胁迫关系探讨

运用交互胁迫、耦合协调模型,结合主观均方差分析法和客观结构熵值法确定指标权重,通过建立指标体系研究2000-2014年浙江省生态环境和城市化的交互胁迫关系和协调类型.结果表明:浙江省生态环境和城市化之间存在交互胁迫关系,演变状态符合双指数函数;前者对后者有显著的约束作用,后者对前者有显著的胁迫作用.对城市化综合水平影响程度大小依次为经济、社会与人口城市化,对生态环境综合水平影响程度大小依次为生态环境压力、状态与响应.2000-2014年浙江省综合协调耦合类型分为磨合协调阶段(2000-2003年)、基本协调阶段(2003-2005年)、拮抗协调阶段(2005-2010年)和良好协调阶段(2010-2014)4个阶段.     

Climate change impacts on regional rice production in China

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is an important contributor to China’s food security. Climate change, and its impact on rice production, presents challenges in meeting China’s future rice production requirements. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of how rice yield responds to climate change under different scenarios and assessed the associated simulation uncertainties of various regional-scale climate models. Simulation was performed based on a regional calibrated crop model (CERES-Rice) and spatially matched climatic (from 17 global climate models), soil, management, and cultivar parameters. Grain-filling periods for early rice were shortened by 2–7 days in three time slices (2030s, 2050s, and 2070s), whereas grain-filling periods for late rice were shortened by 10–19 days in three time slices. Most of the negative effects of climate change were predicted to affect single-crop rice in central China. Average yields of single-crop rice treated with CO₂ fertiliser in central China were predicted to be reduced by 10, 11, and 11% during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s, respectively, compared to the 2000s, if planting dates remained unchanged. If planting dates were optimised, single-crop rice yields were predicted to increase by 3, 7, and 11% during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s, respectively. In response to climate changes, early and single-crop rice should be planted earlier, and late rice planting should be delayed. The predicted net effect would be to prolong the grain-filling period and optimise rice yield.     

渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系混合沉积特征及发育模式*

渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系沙三下亚段广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积。通过对井壁取心、测井及综合化验资料的分析,对研究区混合沉积特征、发育模式及控制因素进行分析。结果表明: 研究区既发育同一岩层内的混合沉积,又发育碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑的互层混合沉积。混合沉积形成于两大物源注入背景下的湖泊滨岸环境,可进一步分为泥坪、砂质滩坝、浅滩和半深湖等混合沉积亚相,主要体现为波浪和湖流作用的双重影响。沙三下亚段整体呈现出水退式发育的特点,主要发育湖侵域和高位域,湖侵域主要发育半深湖混合沉积和浅滩混合沉积,高位域主要发育砂质滩坝混合沉积。混合沉积物受古地貌、古气候、古物源和湖平面变化的控制,优势储集亚相为砂质滩坝混合沉积亚相和浅滩混合沉积亚相。该研究成果不仅为莱州湾凹陷南部古近系优质动用储量研究提供了指导,而且为下一步勘探指明了方向。     

山东半岛近岸海域蟹类群落结构特征的研究

根据2014年8月和10月、2015年2月和5月使用单船底拖网进行的4个航次调查数据,对山东半岛近岸海区的莱州湾及渤海南部、山东半岛北部和山东半岛南部等3个海域蟹类种类组成、时空分布、优势种、群落结构稳定性等群落结构特征进行了研究。结果显示,4次调查共捕获蟹类20种,隶属于10科17属,其中日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）是主要经济种类,其余均为小型饵料型蟹类;海区内主要的优势种为双斑蟳（Charybdis bimaculata）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）,3个海域优势种季节更替均十分明显;莱州湾及渤海南部和山东半岛南部2个海域生物量季节变化明显,春季较低,在夏季达到峰值,夏季到冬季呈降低趋势,山东半岛北部海域生物量季节变化不明显。3个海域蟹类群落物种多样性指数（H'）、丰富度指数（D）及均匀度指数（J'）均处于较低水平,并有一定的季节变化;水深、水温和盐度是影响蟹类群落结构的重要因子,渤莱沿岸流、黄海暖流和黄海冷水团通过影响海域内水温与盐度影响蟹类群落结构。研究表明山东半岛近岸海区蟹类以小型饵料型蟹类为主,蟹类多样性水平较低,优势种更替明显,群落季节更替指数较高,季节间迁移频繁,蟹类群落不稳定。